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Solved case · 1764
Also known as Enoch Brown Incident
File:Enoch Brown mem FrankCo PA.JPGCredit: Smallbones·CC0·Source
The short answer
On July 26, 1764, four Delaware (Lenape) warriors attacked a log schoolhouse near present-day Greencastle, Pennsylvania, killing schoolmaster Enoch Brown and ten students; one wounded child survived. The attackers were later captured and executed by hanging.
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Suggest coverage for Enoch Brown school massacreThe case file
On July 26, 1764, during Pontiac's War, four Delaware (Lenape) Native Americans entered a settlers' log schoolhouse in the Province of Pennsylvania, in what is now Franklin County near the present-day city of Greencastle. Inside were schoolmaster Enoch Brown and a number of young students. Brown pleaded with the warriors to spare the children, but he was shot, beaten with a club, and scalped. The warriors then clubbed and scalped the children. Brown and ten children were killed in the attack. One child, Archie McCullough, was scalped but survived his wounds.
The day before the schoolhouse attack, the same warriors had encountered a pregnant woman, identified as Susan King Cunningham, on the road. She was beaten to death, scalped, and the fetus was removed from her body. When the warriors returned to their village on the Muskingum River in the Ohio Country and displayed the scalps, an elder Delaware chief rebuked them for attacking children. John McCullough, a settler who had been held captive by the Delaware since 1756, later described this scene in his captivity narrative, quoting the chief, called Night Walker, as accusing the warriors of cowardice for killing so many children.
In the aftermath, authorities captured some of the Lenape warriors believed to be responsible for the massacre. They were subsequently sentenced to death and executed by hanging. The incident, along with others like it, prompted the Pennsylvania General Assembly, with the approval of Governor John Penn, to reintroduce a scalp bounty system that had previously been used during the French and Indian War, offering payment for the scalps of American Indian men and women.
Settlers buried Enoch Brown and the schoolchildren in a common grave near the site. In 1843, the grave was excavated to confirm the location of the remains. In 1885, the site was formally named Enoch Brown Park, and a memorial was erected over the gravesite. Historian Richard Middleton has described the massacre as "one of the most notorious incidents" of Pontiac's War.
4 dated entries · 1764–1885
A pregnant woman, identified as Susan King Cunningham, was killed and scalped by the same group of warriors the day before the schoolhouse attack.
Four Delaware (Lenape) warriors attacked a log schoolhouse near present-day Greencastle, Pennsylvania, killing schoolmaster Enoch Brown and ten students; one student, Archie McCullough, was wounded but survived.
The common grave of Enoch Brown and the schoolchildren was excavated to confirm the location of the remains.
The site was named Enoch Brown Park and a memorial was erected over the gravesite.
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2 cited
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Pressnthfmemorial.orgAccessed Jul 10, 2026
EncyclopedicWikipediaAccessed Jul 10, 2026
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