On 26 February 2023, two Israeli brothers, Hillel Menachem Yaniv and Yagel Ya'acov Yaniv, residents of the Har Brakha settlement near Huwara in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, were shot and killed while driving their car near the Einbus intersection along Highway 60, south of Nablus. The attacker used an M16 rifle and fled the scene on foot. Both victims were described as yeshiva students; one had recently completed service in the Israeli Navy. No group initially claimed responsibility for the shooting.
Later the same day, groups of Israeli settlers carried out revenge attacks in Huwara and neighboring villages. Palestinian health officials said a 37-year-old man was fatally shot in the abdomen in the nearby town of Za'atara. Israeli soldiers present in the area did not intervene during the unfolding violence, which included the burning of homes, businesses, a school, and vehicles. An Israeli military commander described the events as "a pogrom done by outlaws." A joint investigation by FakeReporter and CNN, published in June 2023, found that Israeli forces took little action to stop the rampage or protect residents.
On 7 March 2023, an Israeli military raid in Jenin killed the shooter, identified as 49-year-old Abdel Fattah Hussein Kharousha, along with several Palestinian militants. Kharousha, described as a fighter with the Qassam Brigades (the military wing of Hamas), had previously been arrested multiple times by Israel and released at the end of 2022 after serving 40 months in prison. Hamas claimed responsibility for the Huwara shooting after his death. During a subsequent 3 April raid in Nablus, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) arrested two individuals accused of assisting the attacker and killed two Palestinian militants after being fired upon.
Following a lawsuit filed by the Yaniv family, Israel seized $5.2 million in funds designated for the Palestinian Authority under the 2024 Compensation for Terror Victims Law, which provides for compensation of $2.6 million per victim to the heirs of those killed. The lawsuit targeted Palestinian Authority stipend payments to militants and their families.
The shooting and the subsequent settler violence drew wide international attention. Israeli officials, including Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and President Isaac Herzog, condemned the settler rampage, while Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich publicly called for Huwara to be "wiped out," drawing international condemnation before he retracted the statement. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas condemned the settler attacks as being carried out "under the protection of the occupation forces." Israeli and Palestinian officials issued a joint declaration in Aqaba, Jordan the same day, calling for de-escalation.