2010 Pune bombing

On 13 February 2010 at approximately 19:15 Indian Standard Time, a bomb exploded at the German Bakery in the Koregaon Park area of Pune, Maharashtra, India. The bakery, located near the local Jewish Chabad House and the Osho International Meditation Resort, was popular with both foreign visitors and local residents. The blast killed 18 people, including an Italian woman, two Sudanese students and two Iranian students, and injured at least 60 others. Nine people were killed instantly, while the remaining victims died over the following days from their injuries. About 60 people were injured, including 12 foreign nationals from Iran, Sudan, Nepal, Italy, Taiwan, and Yemen.

Forensic analysis by the Forensic Science Laboratory found that the explosive device combined RDX, ammonium nitrate and petroleum hydrocarbon oil (ANFO), along with ball bearings, nuts and bolts. The Maharashtra government's Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS), the National Investigation Agency, and the Central Bureau of Investigation participated in the investigation. Two Islamist groups, Lashkar-e-Taiba and the Indian Mujahideen (also known as Students' Islamic Movement of India), claimed responsibility under pseudonymous names. Indian officials suggested the attack may have been linked to a Lashkar-e-Taiba plan referred to as the "Karachi Project," reportedly involving David Coleman Headley, a Pakistani-American who had earlier scouted the area near the bakery in July 2008 and March 2009 and who was also connected to the 2008 Mumbai attacks. Ilyas Kashmiri was believed by investigators to have masterminded the attack; his associated group, the 313 Brigade, claimed responsibility via email. Kashmiri was killed in a drone strike in Pakistan on 3 June 2011.

The investigation led to more than 40 arrests across several Indian cities, including Pune, Aurangabad, Karnataka's Hampi region, and Chennai. The Maharashtra ATS identified Yasin Bhatkal as a main conspirator in an April 2010 preliminary report. In May 2010, Abdul Samad Bhatkal, Yasin's brother, was arrested and later identified by the Indian Home Minister as the prime suspect in the bombing. In September 2010, the ATS arrested Mirza Himayat Baig, along with an associate identified as Shaikh Lalbaba Mohammed Hussain, both believed to be linked to Lashkar-e-Taiba; Baig was reported to have received bomb-making training in Colombo in 2008. In November 2011, Delhi Police's special cell arrested additional suspected Indian Mujahideen operatives in connection with the Pune bombing and other attacks.

On 18 April 2013, a Pune court sentenced Himayat Baig to death after convicting him earlier that week for his involvement in the bombing. His lawyer indicated an intention to appeal to the Bombay High Court. In 2018, Baig's death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. The bombing occurred shortly after India and Pakistan had agreed to resume bilateral dialogue, prompting domestic political debate over the timing and future of those talks.