On 7 April 2023, unidentified assailants fired on a vehicle near the Hamra junction on Highway 57 in the Israeli-occupied West Bank. The car carried three members of the British–Israeli Dee family from the Israeli settlement of Efrat: a 40-year-old mother and her two daughters, both in their twenties. The attack occurred amid a wider upsurge of violence in the region during April 2023, when Easter, Passover and Ramadan coincided, and followed other incidents including clashes at Al-Aqsa, cross-border shellings between Israel and Lebanon, and a car-ramming attack in Tel Aviv.
The Dee family had relocated from London to Israel in 2014 and settled in Efrat. The father, Leo Dee, a former rabbi, was traveling in a separate car with the couple's three other children and did not witness the attack. According to police, the incident was attributed to a suspected Palestinian gunman. Reports indicate the victims were shot a total of 22 times with a Kalashnikov assault rifle, first while the car was moving and then again at close range after it crashed. Both daughters were pronounced dead at the scene by Magen David Adom paramedics. The critically injured mother, Lucy Dee, was airlifted to Hadassah Ein Karem hospital in Jerusalem, where she later died. The three victims were buried in Kfar Etzion. Lucy Dee's organs were donated, reportedly saving the lives of five recipients.
The attack was condemned by Israeli leaders, including Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and President Isaac Herzog, and by British Chief Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis. Israeli Police Commissioner Kobi Shabtay stated that citizens with licensed weapons should carry them. In an unusual step for the UK government, Foreign Secretary James Cleverly wrote a letter to Rabbi Dee. Separately, CNN anchor Christiane Amanpour apologized on air on 7 May for having initially described the killings as a "shootout" rather than a shooting; Rabbi Dee rejected the apology and said he was considering legal action against the network. Hamas initially praised the attack but did not claim responsibility; the Al-Qassam Brigades did claim it.
In the aftermath, Israeli security forces killed three men during a raid in Nablus on 4 May 2023. Israeli authorities stated that two of the men were Hamas members suspected of carrying out the shooting and the third had allegedly assisted them. The Al-Qassam Brigades subsequently stated that the three men killed in the Nablus raid — named as Hassan Qatanani, Muath al-Masri and Ibrahim Jaber — were responsible for the shooting. On 29 October 2023, Israeli forces demolished Qatanani's apartment in the Askar refugee camp near Nablus. Two years after the killings, Leo Dee remarried.